{"id":924,"date":"2016-02-09T14:03:11","date_gmt":"2016-02-09T14:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/2016\/02\/09\/2016-merkezi-yonetim-butcesi-analizi\/"},"modified":"2016-02-09T14:03:11","modified_gmt":"2016-02-09T14:03:11","slug":"2016-merkezi-yonetim-butcesi-analizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/2016\/02\/09\/2016-merkezi-yonetim-butcesi-analizi\/","title":{"rendered":"2016 MERKEZ\u0130 Y\u00d6NET\u0130M B\u00dcT\u00c7ES\u0130 ANAL\u0130Z\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bir \u00fclkenin gelirlerinin kimlerden nas\u0131l toplanaca\u011f\u0131, toplanan gelirden hangi kesimlere ne kadar pay ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirlendi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00e7eler, siyasi iktidar\u0131n kimlerin ya da hangi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fini g\u00f6steren en \u00f6nemli ekonomik ve siyasal metinler olarak bilinmektedir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u0131llard\u0131r, b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halktan toplanan vergilerden olu\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00fct\u00e7e harcamalar\u0131nda halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin b\u00fct\u00e7eye ili\u015fkin beklenti ve talepleri, \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda oldu\u011fu gibi, bu y\u0131l da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1980 sonras\u0131 olu\u015fturulan merkezi y\u00f6netim b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin tamam\u0131, \u00fclke ekonomisini 24 Ocak 1980 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ideolojisine uygun olarak \u201crekabet\u00e7i\u201d bir yap\u0131da geli\u015ftirmeyi ve \u00f6zellikle kamu hizmetlerini serbest piyasa mekanizmas\u0131 ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirmeyi esas alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131llard\u0131r halktan toplanan b\u00fct\u00e7e kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n (gelirlerin) b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, halk\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumu \u00f6zellikle son 13 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7e kanunlar\u0131nda, somut olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yabanc\u0131 sermaye giri\u015fine, ba\u015fka bir ifade ile \u201cs\u0131cak paraya\u201d ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131, y\u00fcksek cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n finansman\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisi izlemi\u015ftir. Bu strateji bilimsel raporlarda \u201cistihdams\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye G-20 \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcme rakamlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, resmi i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcredir y\u00fczde 10\u2019un \u00fczerine yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve artma e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermektedir. Gen\u00e7 i\u015fsiz oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019ye dayanm\u0131\u015f, uzun s\u00fcreli i\u015fsizlik verilerinin tehlike sinyalleri vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin temel ekonomik g\u00f6stergeleri uzun s\u00fcredir kriz sinyalleri vermektedir. AKP\u2019nin \u00e7izmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn pembe tablolara ra\u011fmen br\u00fct i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 stoku ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 13 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde belirgin bir \u015fekilde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

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AKP H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7e prati\u011fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, istihdama yeterli kaynak ay\u0131rmak, asgari \u00fccreti tamamen vergi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak, y\u00fczde 70\u2019e dayanan dolayl\u0131 vergileri azaltmak, temel t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki KDV\u2019yi s\u0131f\u0131rlamak, \u00fccretli emek\u00e7ilerin temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u00fccret politikalar\u0131 uygulamak gibi bir derdi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bellidir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin sadece rakamsal olarak de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, 13 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen emek d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131, sermaye dostu politikalar\u0131n 2016\u2019da artarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

2016\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren otomati\u011fe ba\u011flanan vergi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, g\u0131da, elektrik, su, ula\u015f\u0131m gibi temel t\u00fcketim \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine pe\u015f pe\u015fe gelen zamlar, 2016\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve kamu emek\u00e7ilerine yap\u0131lan sembolik zamlar\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla geri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esi, halk\u0131n \u00f6dedi\u011fi do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 vergilerin belirgin bir \u015fekilde artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, temel t\u00fcketim maddelerin yap\u0131lan zamlar\u0131n otomati\u011fe ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, askeri ve g\u00fcvenlik harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n belirgin bir \u015fekilde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, asgari \u00fccretlilerin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin insanca ya\u015fam taleplerinin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011fi bir b\u00fct\u00e7e olarak dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

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2016 B\u00fct\u00e7esinin Genel G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2016 Merkezi Y\u00f6netim B\u00fct\u00e7esi 570 milyar 876 milyon TL olarak belirlenirken, Orta Vadeli Mali Planda Programda milli gelirin 2 trilyon 207 milyar TL (736 milyar dolar) olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2<\/span>016 b\u00fct\u00e7e tasar\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00f6denekleri i\u00e7inde en fazla pay 153 milyar 347 milyon TL ile Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, 1 milyonun \u00fczerinde e\u011fitim emek\u00e7isi (\u00f6\u011fretmen, memur, teknisyen, yard\u0131mc\u0131 hizmetli vb) ve 17 milyondan fazla \u00f6\u011frenciye hizmet veren Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na 76 milyar 354 milyon TL b\u00fct\u00e7e ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hazine M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esi 56 milyar TL\u2019si faiz \u00f6demeleri olmak \u00fczere 73 milyar 223 milyon TL\u2019dir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esinin (Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 + T\u00fcrkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu + T\u00fcrkiye Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurumu) toplam\u0131 25 milyar TL olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/p>\n

2016 b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00f6denekleri i\u00e7inde en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla cari transferler, personel giderleri ve faiz giderleri al\u0131rken, s\u00f6z konusu giderlerin 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esine oran\u0131 cari transferlerde y\u00fczde 40, personel harcamalar\u0131na (personel giderleri + sosyal g\u00fcvenlik devlet primi giderleri) y\u00fczde 30, faiz giderlerinde ise y\u00fczde 10\u2019dur. 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin toplamda y\u00fczde 82\u2019sini bu \u00fc\u00e7 kalem olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

2016 b\u00fct\u00e7e tasar\u0131s\u0131nda vergi gelirleri i\u00e7inde ilk \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ray\u0131 dahilde ve ithalde al\u0131nan KDV (138 milyar TL), \u00d6zel T\u00fcketim Vergisi (116 milyar TL) ve Gelir Vergisi (99 milyar TL) olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 2015 b\u00fct\u00e7esinde \u00d6zel t\u00fcketim vergisi (\u00d6TV) gelirleri 95 milyar TL hedeflenmi\u015f, ancak y\u0131lsonu itibariyle hedeflenenden 11 milyar TL fazla vergi geliri art\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6dedi\u011fi gelir vergisinin 86 milyar TL\u2019den 99 milyar TL\u2019ye y\u00fckseltilmesi, dolayl\u0131 vergilerin oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019lere ula\u015fmas\u0131 vergi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda da emek\u00e7ilerin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6zellikle artan oranl\u0131 vergi dilimi uygulamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fccretlilerin gelirleri fiilen erimekte, y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00fccret-maa\u015f zamlar\u0131, y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibariyle \u201cartan oranl\u0131 vergi dilimi\u201d uygulamas\u0131 ile fazlas\u0131yla geri al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n resmi rakamlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de vergi gelirlerinin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretinden, maa\u015f\u0131ndan kaynakta vergi kesilen i\u015f\u00e7iler ve emek\u00e7ilerden ve onlar\u0131n t\u00fcketimde \u00f6dedi\u011fi KDV ve \u00d6TV den elde edildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Vergi sisteminin y\u00fcksek gelirli kesimleri kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131na almas\u0131, faiz, repo, k\u00e2r elde edenlerin ise ya istisna kapsam\u0131nda tutularak vergi \u00f6demediklerini ya da vergisini zaman\u0131nda \u00f6demeyip ceza aff\u0131 beklediklerini de yine ayn\u0131 rakamlardan anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Vergi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn daha \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli kesimler \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu mali y\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 son derece dengesiz ve adaletsiz b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span><\/p>\n

13 y\u0131ll\u0131k AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7elerin en belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fi halktan toplanan kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n giderek artan oranda kamu hizmetleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki alanlara aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. AKP\u2019nin 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 1995\u2019te imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hizmet Ticareti Genel Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (GATS) taahh\u00fctlerini bire bir yerine getirmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131, kamu hizmetlerinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde ad\u0131m ad\u0131m tasfiye edilmesine ve h\u0131zla piyasa ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekilmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde kamu kaynaklar\u0131, as\u0131l kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken alanlara de\u011fil, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermayeye, patronlara te\u015fvik ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumun ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonucu olarak kamu hizmetlerine b\u00fct\u00e7eden ayr\u0131lan pay oransal olarak istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 2002-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda genel kamu hizmetlerine b\u00fct\u00e7eden ayr\u0131lan paya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bu durum daha net olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

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AKP\u2019nin iktidara geldi\u011fi 2002\u2019de kriz d\u00f6neminde haz\u0131rlanan b\u00fct\u00e7eden kamu hizmetlerine ayr\u0131lan pay y\u00fczde 42,3 oran\u0131nda iken, \u00fclke ekonomisinin en parlak d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen 13 y\u0131lda, ba\u015fta sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim olmak \u00fczere, kamu hizmetleri alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan yo\u011fun ticarile\u015ftirme ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir sonucu olarak genel kamu hizmetlerine b\u00fct\u00e7eden ayr\u0131lan pay oransal olarak ciddi anlamda azalarak y\u00fczde 25\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na bu veri bile, b\u00fct\u00e7elerin hangi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

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E\u011fitim, Sa\u011fl\u0131k, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Diyanet B\u00fct\u00e7eleri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 62 milyar TL olan Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esi, hi\u00e7bir altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan hayata ge\u00e7irilen 4+4+4 d\u00fczenlemesinin de etkisiyle, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 76 milyar 354 milyon TL\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. MEB b\u00fct\u00e7esinin y\u00fczde 69\u2019u personel giderleri, y\u00fczde 11\u2019i sosyal g\u00fcvenlik devlet primi giderleri olmak \u00fczere, toplamda y\u00fczde 80\u2019i do\u011frudan do\u011fruya personelharcamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 E\u011fitim b\u00fct\u00e7esi y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde rakamsal olarak art\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, e\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n azal\u0131yor olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekidir. AKP\u2019nin iktidara geldi\u011fi 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda MEB b\u00fct\u00e7esinden e\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ayr\u0131lan pay y\u00fczde 17 iken,<\/span> 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle bu oran\u0131n y\u00fczde 8,23\u2019e geriletilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Kamu kaynaklar\u0131 her f\u0131rsatta \u00f6zel okullara \u201cte\u015fvik\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda aktar\u0131l\u0131rken, kendi kaderi ile ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131lan devlet okullar\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 okutan velilerin cebinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim harcamalar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplamda 17 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencinin oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de <\/span>veliler her y\u0131l e\u011fitim b\u00fct\u00e7esinin yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n bir miktarda e\u011fitim harcamas\u0131n\u0131 cebinden yapmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esi ise 2013 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu ve T\u00fcrkiye Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurumu olmak \u00fczere, \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7a halinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esinden ayr\u0131lan pay 4 milyar 213 milyon TL, T\u00fcrkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu\u2019na ayr\u0131lan pay 11 milyar 951 milyon TL, T\u00fcrkiye Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurumu\u2019na ayr\u0131lan pay ise 9 milyar 112 milyon TL\u2019dir. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplamda 20 milyar 214 milyon TL olan sa\u011fl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esinin 2016\u2019da 25 milyar 250 milyon TL olmas\u0131\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131kta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131na ayr\u0131lmakta, herkese e\u015fit, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00fccretsiz sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde ad\u0131m ad\u0131m tasfiye edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rden mal ve hizmet al\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u0131lki sa\u011fl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esi i\u00e7inde belirgin bir \u015fekilde artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, halk\u0131n vergilerinin bir kez daha ila\u00e7 tekellerine ve \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131na aktar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re 2002-2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sadece \u00f6zel hastanelerin say\u0131s\u0131 271\u2019den 550\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131karak, oransal olarak y\u00fczde 102 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Sadece bu rakam bile sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeyi anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun (T\u00dc\u0130K) son olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2014 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Harcamalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, hane halklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan cepten sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamas\u0131n\u0131n toplam sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 16,8 iken, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 17,8’e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131ktaki ticarile\u015ftirme ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131na paralel olarak her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren cepten yap\u0131lan sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 20\u2019yi zorlamas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 ve i\u015f cinayetleri ile uzun s\u00fcredir g\u00fcndemde olan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin 2011\u2019de 35 milyar TL olan b\u00fct\u00e7esi, y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde artan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen 2016\u2019da 38 milyar TL olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7SGB b\u00fct\u00e7esinin yeterince artt\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda daha fazla i\u015f cinayeti, daha fazla ta\u015feron istihdam\u0131 ve sendikal hak ihlali ya\u015fanmas\u0131na resmen davetiye \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dini devlet tekeline alan ve ilk kuruldu\u011fu y\u0131llardan itibaren S\u00fcnni-Hanefi mezhebinin resmi temsilcisi gibi hareket eden Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2015\u2019te 5 milyar 743 milyon TL olan b\u00fct\u00e7e pay\u0131, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 6 milyar 483 milyon TL\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak, her y\u0131l oldu\u011fu gibi bu y\u0131l da \u00e7ok say\u0131da bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik ve sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7esi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2016 Merkezi Y\u00f6netim B\u00fct\u00e7e Tasar\u0131s\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda, tam anlam\u0131yla bir g\u00fcvenlik ve sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7esi olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7eride ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da sava\u015f ve \u015fiddet politikalar\u0131nda \u0131srarc\u0131 oldu\u011fu, 7 Haziran se\u00e7imleri sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 s\u00fcrecin, 1 Kas\u0131m ile birlikte topyekun bir sava\u015f stratejisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek derinle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde haz\u0131rlanan 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esi bir taraftan i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ileri a\u011f\u0131r vergi y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda ezmeyi hedeflerken, di\u011fer taraftan savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik harcamalar\u0131ndaki belirgin art\u0131\u015f \u00fczerinden ba\u015fta b\u00f6lge illeri olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm \u00fclkede bask\u0131c\u0131, otoriter bir y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmeyi hedeflemektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2015 B\u00fct\u00e7esi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2016 B\u00fct\u00e7esi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22.764<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26.451<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17.623<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.141<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.898 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.794<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Milli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.108<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.637<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.490<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.277<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

TOPLAM<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

51.883<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

62.300<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, y\u0131llard\u0131r y\u00fcksek savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik harcamalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada ilk on \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r. Y\u0131llard\u0131r sadece Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esini esas alarak yap\u0131lan \u2018savunma b\u00fct\u00e7esi azal\u0131yor s\u00f6ylemi\u2019 halk\u0131 kand\u0131rmaktan ba\u015fka bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik b\u00fct\u00e7esinde 11 milyar TL\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerek, toplamda 62 milyar 300 milyon TL\u2019yi bulmas\u0131, 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7esi olarak olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

2015\u2019te savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik b\u00fct\u00e7esi toplamda 51 milyar 883 milyon TL ile 2014\u2019e g\u00f6re 2 milyar TL\u2019nin biraz \u00fczerinde artarken, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda sava\u015f politikalar\u0131nda \u0131srarc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterircesine savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 20 gibi y\u00fcksek bir oranda artt\u0131rmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. \u00dcstelik bu rakamlara Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u00f6denek olmak \u00fczere, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fe ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 kalemler ve kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7meyen kimi harcamalar belirtilen rakamlara dahil edilmemi\u015ftir. Savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n 2016 merkezi b\u00fct\u00e7esinin y\u00fczde 11\u2019ini olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni, AKP\u2019nin i\u00e7eride ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da izledi\u011fi g\u00fcvenlik ve sava\u015f politikalar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ele al\u0131namaz.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde halktan almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen tamamen sermayenin, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 tekellerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten, \u00e7e\u015fitli kalemlerde (\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri, emniyet, jandarma, istihbarat vb) savunma harcamalar\u0131na ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 paydaki belirgin art\u0131\u015f ile 2016 b\u00fct\u00e7esi do\u011frudan bir sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7esi olarak da adland\u0131rmay\u0131 hak etmektedir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2016 Merkezi Y\u00f6netim B\u00fct\u00e7esi, t\u0131pk\u0131 \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda oldu\u011fu gibi, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten yap\u0131s\u0131yla, gittik\u00e7e yoksulla\u015fan, i\u015fsizli\u011fin, yoksullu\u011fun ve sefaletin pen\u00e7esinde ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesi veren emek\u00e7ilere y\u00fcklenen dolays\u0131z ve dolayl\u0131 vergilerle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6re y\u00f6nelik kaynak transferleri, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sisteminin ad\u0131m ad\u0131m tasfiye edilmesi ve kamu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki azalman\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu b\u00fct\u00e7e ile 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana s\u00fcren sermayeye dost, emek\u00e7iye d\u00fc\u015fman \u00e7izgi, daha da belirgin hale gelmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/p>\n

2016 b\u00fct\u00e7e tasar\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinde i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7larla ilgili tehlike \u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamu istihdam\u0131n\u0131n esnek ve g\u00fcvencesiz bir i\u00e7erikte yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmak istendi\u011fi, e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k gibi temel sosyal alanlarda ya\u015fanan ticarile\u015ftirme ve piyasala\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131, vergi adaletsizli\u011fi, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha da bozulmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm politikalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler aleyhinde olu\u015fturulmak istendi\u011finin ilan\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Merkezi y\u00f6netim b\u00fct\u00e7esi \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kaynaklar\u0131n toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclece\u011fi sorunu, kaynaklar\u0131n yeterli olup olmamas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, do\u011frudan kaynaklar \u00fczerinde s\u00f6z sahibi olan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve onun siyasal temsilcilerinin tutumuna ve bu tutuma kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ve kitlesel m\u00fccadelelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7i halktan al\u0131nan dolayl\u0131 ve dolays\u0131z vergiler yoluyla elde etti\u011fi gelirlerden olu\u015fan b\u00fct\u00e7enin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyecek olan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kar\u015f\u0131t s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc ve y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri m\u00fccadeledir. S\u00f6z konusu m\u00fccadele s\u00fcreci sadece ekonomik d\u00fczeyde de\u011fil, toplumsal, siyasal ve ideolojik y\u00f6nleriyle daha da sertle\u015fmenin i\u015faretlerini bug\u00fcnden vermektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2016\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri ve m\u00fccadelenin seyri, b\u00fct\u00e7e kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l\u00a0<\/span>b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclece\u011fine<\/span>\u00a0temel belirleyici olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecektir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir \u00fclkenin gelirlerinin kimlerden nas\u0131l toplanaca\u011f\u0131, toplanan gelirden hangi kesimlere ne kadar pay ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirlendi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00e7eler, siyasi iktidar\u0131n kimlerin ya da hangi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fini g\u00f6steren en \u00f6nemli ekonomik ve siyasal metinler olarak bilinmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u0131llard\u0131r, b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halktan toplanan vergilerden olu\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00fct\u00e7e harcamalar\u0131nda halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ne […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1660,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=924"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kultursanatsen.org.tr\/portal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}